tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84185710711632555442024-03-13T06:28:00.370-07:00Dr. Fred Nadis's Cabinet of CuriositiesA compendium of startling visions of the world, shocking new scientific theories, amusing devices, unusual perspectives, puzzling cases of deception and bedazzlement, along with moral encouragement, and ample buffoonery.FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-34290606387407800932020-12-21T13:45:00.002-08:002020-12-21T13:45:29.986-08:00Conversation about Star Settlers with Alexander Heffner on PBS<p><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fred Nadis's TV <a href="https://www.thirteen.org/openmind/science/to-infinity-and-beyond/6756/">interview </a>on the PBS current affairs program <a href="https://www.thirteen.org/openmind/science/to-infinity-and-beyond/6756/">"The Open Mind"</a> with Alexander Heffner. </span></span><br /></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vXqkeFjXKq8/X-EW_6qLVVI/AAAAAAAAByI/RCZms2r6udI41pDGJ91yZaGemFlcoBKogCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/02198r%2BMargolies%2BRocket%2BGas%2Bsign%252C%2BTurlock%252C%2BCalifornia-med%2Bres.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="640" height="446" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vXqkeFjXKq8/X-EW_6qLVVI/AAAAAAAAByI/RCZms2r6udI41pDGJ91yZaGemFlcoBKogCNcBGAsYHQ/w640-h446/02198r%2BMargolies%2BRocket%2BGas%2Bsign%252C%2BTurlock%252C%2BCalifornia-med%2Bres.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Rocket Gas, Turlock, California, John Margolies. <br /></div>FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-3402643548495418472020-09-15T11:43:00.000-07:002020-09-15T11:43:24.727-07:00Star Children: Can Humans Be Fruitful and Multiply Off-Planet?<p>Link to article in <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4024/1" target="_blank">Space Review, 9/14/20</a></span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T_-fG5OJyvw/X2EKh9fJKtI/AAAAAAAABp0/xMQQzPs6cQcBo79_guq9Yjo1IWv4fSMZwCNcBGAsYHQ/s600/4024a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="600" height="190" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T_-fG5OJyvw/X2EKh9fJKtI/AAAAAAAABp0/xMQQzPs6cQcBo79_guq9Yjo1IWv4fSMZwCNcBGAsYHQ/w380-h190/4024a.jpg" width="380" /></a></div><br /><p>excerpted from Fred Nadis, <i>Star Settlers: The Billionairies, Geniuses, and Crazed Visionaries out to Conquer the Universe</i> (Pegasus)</p>FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-39443816608752790262020-08-10T09:35:00.000-07:002020-08-10T09:35:34.406-07:00Virtual Book Launch - Star Settlers, Wednesday August 19, 2020<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Please join Author <b>Fred Nadis</b>, in conversation with <b>Dr. Jatila van der Veen</b>, at the book launch of his new nonfiction work, <b><i>Star Settlers: The Billionaires, Geniuses, and Crazed Visionaries Out to Conquer the Universe</i> </b>(Pegasus).<br /></span><br />When: Wednesday August 19, 2020 06:00 PM Pacific Time (US and Canada) </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Please register in advance for this lively discussion: <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZMrc-ChqzwrE9Jc2T1LdZUIAf6ySYQXKY-K" target="_blank">REGISTER</a></h3><p><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cfrUGPXJIiY/XzFy5Z6jevI/AAAAAAAABkM/kdvKs79SO-IpCGhrnysNfS_dokgPg2nrQCNcBGAsYHQ/s512/discussion%2Bimage.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cfrUGPXJIiY/XzFy5Z6jevI/AAAAAAAABkM/kdvKs79SO-IpCGhrnysNfS_dokgPg2nrQCNcBGAsYHQ/s0/discussion%2Bimage.jpg" /></a> <br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Copies of the book available for purchase <a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Star-Settlers/Fred-Nadis/9781643134482">HERE</a>. </h3><h3 style="text-align: left;">Talk sponsored by <a href="https://www.chaucersbooks.com/" target="_blank">Chaucer's Books</a> in Santa Barbara, CA. <br /></h3><p><br /><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-40576854240360745062020-07-06T10:11:00.000-07:002020-07-06T10:11:27.724-07:00Hold the Starships -- an Interview with Kim Stanley Robinson on Mars Settlement, Socialists in Space, Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Immortality, and the Purpose of Science Fiction
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xaqavt11VA8/Xv-ym-A3t6I/AAAAAAAABgo/6iBRCwJaVYEcY7CaG1yooUFNqQ5Pu2-wQCK4BGAsYHg/s640/640px-Kim_Stanley_Robinson_%252836963766260%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="410" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xaqavt11VA8/Xv-ym-A3t6I/AAAAAAAABgo/6iBRCwJaVYEcY7CaG1yooUFNqQ5Pu2-wQCK4BGAsYHg/w615-h410/640px-Kim_Stanley_Robinson_%252836963766260%2529.jpg" width="615" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kim Stanley Robinson, 2017, photo by Gage Skidmore, Wikicommons<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kim Stanley Robinson is one of the
most respected contemporary sf writers. While his Mars trilogy,
completed in 1992, inspired Mars settlement enthusiasts, his more recent work, often depicting the ramifications
of global warming, is part of the “cli-fi” (climate fiction) movement. I
conversed with him via email in spring 2019, while researching </span><a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Star-Settlers/Fred-Nadis/9781643134482"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Star Settlers:
The Billionaires, Geniuses, and Crazed Visionaries Out to Conquer the Universe</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Pegasus Books, forthcoming August, 2020). My main interest was in his 2015
novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aurora</i> which describes a failed
mission to settle a distant star system, leading the protagonist to conclude
that star settling was ill-advised. As it turns out, KSR has never been set on conquering the universe. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: "arial";">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"> </span><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-family: "verdana";">
</span><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Does
</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aurora<i> </i></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: arial;">fairly
sum up your views on the limitations of interstellar travel for humanity? Or
are you describing just one possible outcome of the effort to settle a "Goldilocks"
planet? Do you think that given the opportunity, in the next say 1,000 years,
Aurora-like missions, nevertheless, might take place? </span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span>
</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aurora</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> does fairly sum up my views, although it’s also the case
that it describes a single example of interstellar travel, so it is not
comprehensive by itself. But some characters in it talk about other cases, so
the general situation gets discussed in this particular case study, so to
speak. I think that although some of the problems that my characters
experience are particular to their situation, many of these problems are going
to be facing anyone trying the same things.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> As to what might happen in the next
thousand years, that’s hard to say. I set <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aurora</i>
hundreds of years into the future, to allow time to build and propel such a
massive thing as Ship (and its lost twin) toward Tau Ceti, so to some extent I
did try to imagine what might happen in the far future. But this was to make
the realism of the exercise a little sturdier. We are nowhere near ready to
launch a starship with people inside it (the case of a tiny robotic probe is
different) so it is already an exercise in thinking “what might happen in the
next thousand years.” And as such, the book does imagine that there might be
people who are interested enough in the project to want to pursue it, no matter
the obstacles.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> If they do, they will be ignoring
some of the unsolvable problems that get pointed out in <i>Aurora</i>. By
unsolvable, I mean there is no future technology or human development that I
believe in that can solve them. Here my judgment may be wrong, but I’m trying
to make these judgments based on matters of solidly understood physics, biology,
ecology, etc.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Were there any specific sf works that
Aurora was a response to?</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> No, not really— it was more a matter
of the entire sub-genre of science fiction that you might call the starship
story, or the multi-generational starship. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> It was a response to what you might
call the cultural meme, or simply the idea, that humanity is destined for the
stars, with sometimes the corollary that if we don’t become a star-faring
species, we are in danger of extinction or will have been some kind of failure
as a species. This kind of thinking has a beginning or is marked by
Tsiolkovsky’s epigram, ‘Earth is humanity’s cradle, but you’re not meant to
spend your whole life in your cradle’—something to that effect, I may be
mangling the quote, but the import of it is that. This notion which might be
older than Tsiolkovsky, has been taken up by a pretty large number of people,
maybe even a community of people who believe it to be true. But Tsiolkovsky and
all who agree with that sentiment are in my opinion simply wrong. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Tsiolkovsky’s time, we didn’t know enough
to judge the case well—even how far away the stars were was in dispute, and the
nature of the interstellar medium, the speed of light, the nature of other suns
and their planets, and so on. Now that we know more about these things, the
case has to be reconsidered. New discoveries in biology (radiation effects, the
microbiome, etc.) add physical and ecological problems to the case that it
simply isn’t possible. The new paradigm might be that life is a planetary
expression, and away from its home planet, life withers and dies. This would
explain the Fermi Paradox, and anyway is looking like it may be true.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Specific sf works that I read and
enjoyed as novels include Brian Aldiss’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Non-stop</i>,
and Gene Wolfe’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Book of the Long Sun</i>
(and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Book of the Short Sun</i>
sequel). Wolfe’s four-volume masterpiece is one of the best novels I’ve ever
read, and the three-volume sequel (which returns to the starship) is also
superb. The scientific possibility of starships is irrelevant when considering
them as a story space. It would be like complaining that Middle Earth isn’t
real. So what? As a story space, they are perfectly legitimate. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So I am not trying to kill a science
fiction subgenre that I have greatly enjoyed, but rather the idea that we could
really do such a thing, and that we should, or we are failures. That I think is
wrong. </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Do you know of any other sf writers who
share your skepticism of the interstellar project?</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Geoff Ryman was part of a group calling
itself “mundane science fiction” as a kind of movement to focus on Earth, the
near future, and what really might be possible. The name was a bit of an inside
joke for the science fiction community, as for many years people not interested
in science fiction were called “mundanes” and of course there’s the double joke
of “uninteresting,” such that I thought the name was maybe two or three levels
of irony too far, but it got some discussion about five years ago, and Geoff
could tell you more about it…Then the British sf writer Charles Stross has been
very good at calculating the true energy and economic needs of many of the big
sf ideas, and I think I recall him writing about interstellar attempts from
this angle, and therefore skeptically. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In
an </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In These Times<i> </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interview you suggested that in the next
fifty plus years Mars might merely be the site of a limited science outpost.
Are you no longer a proponent of major colonies on Mars? What has changed
your ideas here?<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Recent findings show perchlorates in
the Martian sand and dust at levels very poisonous to humans. That will be a
problem. Another is the idea that there might be bacterial life still on Mars,
hidden in refugia deep in the regolith where water will be liquified by heat
from the planet’s core. These are different kinds of stoppers to any rapid
inhabitation of Mars. All along I have considered that the project of
terraforming Mars is a great idea that if it ever happens, needs to come in its
proper time, which is when we have gotten to a just and sustainable
civilization on Earth. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For now, I think
it’s a very good project to send people to Mars and set up scientific bases
that resemble the bases in Antarctica. Rotating crews would occupy and use
these bases and again that’s like Antarctica.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Major colonies, as you call them,
are a very different proposal and I think not practical or needed, and not
appropriate even to try for yet. We need to take the process in a stepwise
fashion, and the actual terraforming might not start for hundreds of years, nor
be finished for thousands of years. That’s okay— there is no hurry. And if it
happens it will be one sign of a successful human civilization on Earth.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> I regard my Mars trilogy as a good
novel, but not a good blueprint.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Why do you
think so many science fiction writers, many of them who are scientists as well,
are stuck on this teleological notion that evolution "demands" we
leave the Earth, or that humanity has a cosmic role of spreading
"life" or "mind" throughout the universe? Is this a case of
myth overpowering clear-headedness?</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yes, I think it is a case of myth. Note
how your question slips into the mythic without noticing, because it’s framed
by the issue as it’s been discussed so far. “The universe”—no. Our galaxy is I think
as far as even the most fervent space believers take the idea of human
dispersion. If anyone claims we can get to other galaxies, I am amazed to hear
it. There are 400 billion galaxies, maybe more, the count keeps rising, but
even the closest ones are really, really far away. We can’t get to them. Some
may say “but what about not-yet-discovered jumps over cosmic distances?” I say,
nice story, but not likely to happen. And if it did all the problems related to
going to even the closest star to us come into play. Navigational problems come
into play. No—that part is fantasy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> I think there is life and mind
already spread throughout the universe. My feeling is that since we exist, the
principle of mediocrity suggests we are not alone or even unusual. Life may be
an aspect of the laws of physics unfolding in time, there is new work
suggesting that. So it may be everywhere, and I suspect it is very common. Then
evolution is a process that seems to increase the complexity of life forms, so
mind too is probably very common.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So the cosmos doesn’t need us to
spread ourselves, to get life spread around. Life is already out there,
probably in nearly “eternal return” quantities, as in somewhere else in the
universe, right now, some alien is composing something like this very sentence
in reply to something like your question. “Right now” being a hypothetical
thing of course.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So— evolution “requiring"
anything? It’s more random than that, but say that living creatures try to stay
alive. Seems to me true and even part of the definition of life, sort of. So we
want to stay alive as a species—I think that’s right. And five billion years
from now, our sun will expand and burn this planet up. So we have five billion
years to figure out something in terms of species survival; before that time
comes, our species' survival is absolutely most likely to occur right here on
Earth. So if survival were the criterion, given that we’re endangering
ourselves right now, people concerned with that would dispense with the star
dispersion project and put their energies to work on sustainable civilization
projects here on Earth. But those are hard; and some people want an out from
that hard thinking and doing.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> What is your
take on current futurists, including Silicon Valley leaders, who take their cue from Fedorov, Tsiolkovsky, and other Cosmists, and reject
death outright?</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It looks religious to me. I don’t
want to assume too much about what other people believe, or why. But in that
crowd you list in your question, I see a lot of rejection of death. They say it
outright. Which makes sense, in the life wants to live category. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> But living things die, and indeed
the universe itself is mortal. So really this is about longevity, unless you
get to a really metaphysical level of immortality lasting even outside this
universe’s history—big thinking there. But really I think it’s about longevity—
wanting to live longer. I feel that very strongly myself. So, I think despite
that desire, most humans alive now will live to a maximum of about 120 years,
and then die. Medicine will keep pushing that age limit, and may have some
successes. I’ve written repeatedly about science fictional medicine that
extends average lifetimes to 300 and even 600 years. But I think however far
out we manage to push average lifetimes, death will come. And the push looks
sometimes like it will be against an ever-increasing resistance, the farther we
push it out. Not sure about this, no one is. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So, we used to have heaven. Ordinary
people lived with the understanding that there was an afterlife, that we had
souls that weren’t connected to our bodies that would outlast our deaths, and
were even immortal, existing in an eternity that was really eternal, with no
end. This wasn’t a fanaticism or a fundamentalism, but a common belief of the
“general intellect” as some call it, or a feeling in the structure of feeling
that everyone grew up in and believed. But now that’s gone. Science tells a
very specific and evidence-backed, compelling story that seems to suggest our
minds and souls are expressions of our bodies, and that when our bodies die,
our minds and souls die with them— no more us.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> This can be a frightening thought
and it’s certainly disturbing. And there’s a big part of our brains that grew
by feeling religious feelings—seems to be partly in the temporal lobe, near
where epilepsy and hypergraphia are located when things go wrong there. We
evolved to feel religious, and maybe even to feel immortal. A defense mechanism
maybe, who knows.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So, now, many people struggle to
find a new story that can hold this desire for longevity or immortality. Science
itself provides some of these stories, and we’re in a scientific age, so this
is very helpful to bolster this feeling of wanting to live longer than looks
likely. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Add the idea that the individual may
die, but if the species lives on, then at least your DNA or your species lives
on, so that’s one form of longevity that fits the new paradigm. Starship travel
fits into that strand. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> As for personal
longevity/immortality, there you get the downloading of your mind or soul into
a computer, and what you called “the rejection of death outright.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> This is my theory to explain this
phenomenon. I also had someone recently say to me, “narcissists in particular
have a very hard time accepting their own death. It seems to them the only
important, or even the only real, thing is dying, so it’s a kind of
end-of-the-universe thing.” Now maybe this isn’t fair—or we are all a little
bit narcissistic, or at least self-centered, by definition, being stuck in our
own thoughts. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> But there is a fairly good set of
responses that admits mortality and then tries to get along with that fact as
best one can. Stoicism, parts of Buddhism, common sense of some kinds, etc.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Would you say you are more in the camp
of the Club of Rome </b></span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Limits to Growth<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
folks?</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Yes, they were right. They got
attacked because their predictions didn’t come true in the time frame they set
up. Every prediction about the future of human history is always wrong. But
they were right about limits to growth, of human population, and especially of
capitalist growth, meaning profit, in the finite system of Earth’s biosphere. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> People who attack that limits to
growth thing are like the person falling off the Empire State building and
saying at the tenth floor, no problem, it’s fine, etc.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">From a socialist perspective, what would be the ideal model for entering space?<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NASA. A public government agency,
doing space science “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As such, NASA has always contracted and paid
private companies to build some of their stuff. I’d like there to be a
publicly-owned utility that did that building, but that’s just pointing to where
socialism insists that public goods should be owned by the public.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then in terms of what we do in
space, again I like NASA’s approach; stay safe, don’t get people killed, use
robots when you can. Use space for science.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> But by science I include STEM—science,
technology, engineering, medicine (instead of math). Space for communications
satellites, for weather satellites, etc.—fine. Space for satellites that speed
up high frequency trading? No. And so on. Space is only just our home after
all. “In space”—we’re in space now. So all the questions apply there too.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So it’s the total social purpose of
all these activities that I think needs to be examined and then prioritized. That
to me is also socialism in action.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I'm thinking it
might be helpful for sf writers and readers to remember they are not prophets but
speculative thinkers. Does this "destiny in the stars" notion come
from a confusion between story-telling and prophesy?</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> No, I think it comes from an
unexamined religious impulse, and a dislike of the idea of one’s own death, as
I said above. But there is something important here to think about, in this
difference between story-telling and prophecy. Because science fiction is both
at once, and that’s part of its power.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Story-telling can be about things
set in the past, present, or future. Past and present are not part of this
problem, they are stories we tell. Stories set in the future are always
prophecy, although sometimes without insisting “this is the specific thing that
is going to come to pass.” Anyone who makes that insistence is always proved
wrong. And yet we still make prophecies and they can still be useful. They need
to be thought of as exhortations—we should do this—there we get utopias and so
on. Or they can be warnings—don’t go this way or you’re doomed! There you see
the dystopias and the jeremiads, etc.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Or you can have the kind of modeling
exercise, or thought experiment, that is a kind of if-then statement, for
consideration. If we do this, we will get that. This doesn’t have to be too
heavily weighted as positive or negative, although usually we judge them pretty
quickly that way. But often a mixed picture leads to another mixed picture. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Stories do like clarity, though. So
stories kind of de-strand complex situations and try to say something clear. Not
all that far from the analysis of science.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> So if the distinction you are making
between prophets and speculative thinkers is, prophets insist their futures are
really going to happen, while speculative thinkers are just speculating, I
would go with the idea of sticking to speculation. But there’s an ancient power
to prophecy, and every human has thought—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I
should do this</i>. Or, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">don’t do that or
you’ll die!</i> Etc. So the two are not all that easily distinguished in any
given thought.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> What I meant at the start about
science fiction being both at once is that sf is like the 3-D glasses you see
at movies. One lens is really about the future, a kind of prophecy or modeling.
The other lens is a metaphorical or symbolic portrait of right now. Combine the
two and what pops is a deep time vision of history, illusory but useful, like
the 3-D in 3-D movies. You get History in a story, and looking forward History
as part of it. Very powerful, very valuable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1XJmQwdKEMQ/XtgikfbiaWI/AAAAAAAABdk/V88pvZRhkKk1v_VzZ1f6pduI_I6a5rLCgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/256px-Freeman_dyson.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="256" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1XJmQwdKEMQ/XtgikfbiaWI/AAAAAAAABdk/V88pvZRhkKk1v_VzZ1f6pduI_I6a5rLCgCNcBGAsYHQ/s400/256px-Freeman_dyson.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freeman Dyson. Credit: Monroem, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" target="_blank">Wikicommons</a>. </td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Having
titled my forthcoming book </span></i><a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Star-Settlers/Fred-Nadis/9781643134482"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Star
Settlers: The Billionaires, Geniuses, and Crazed Visionaries out to Conquer the
Universe</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">, <i>and certain that
I had covered my quotient of crazed visionaries, I needed to interview at least
one bonafide genius.The 97-year-old Dyson fit the bill . . . Early in his
career he devised, as one biographer put it, “The Rosetta Stone for quantum
electrodynamics,” the mathematical equations that reconciled<span> </span>Richard Feynmann’s<span> </span>diagrams of quantum interactions with Julian
Schwinger’s apparently contradictory mathematical descriptions.</i></span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dyson also had long been a
spacefaring advocate, concocting concepts beloved among science fiction writers
such as the Dyson Tree, a bio-engineered plant designed to provide comets with
an atmosphere. He died four months after we spoke, making this one of his last
interviews. No doubt a few more television crews and journalists showed up </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">at
the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton </span></i>after our talk. Everyone wants to meet genius. </span></i></p>
<i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> – </span></i><a href="http://www.frednadis.com/"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fred
Nadis</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When did you first get interested in
spacefaring?</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In answer to that, in
1932,<span> </span>I think it was [<i>actually 1930-31 when</i> <i>Dyson was age seven</i>], when the asteroid Eros
came close to the Earth—quite close—it was in all the newspapers—big
excitement—I was interested in astronomy altogether. I also began reading Jules
Verne, with his novel <i>Hector Servadac</i>
[<i>Off on a Comet</i>]. I took it out of
the school library and I thought it was all true. The hero went off and found
new planet, with weird beasts. After I read it I was terribly disappointed to
learn it was all a story. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Is
it true that at age four you tried to calculate how many atoms made up the Sun?
Your conclusion?</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I still have the piece of
paper with a big number on it. It’s preserved. It wasn’t a real calculation.
Just numbers scribbled out. Like when a child is learning how to write but
doesn’t yet know the alphabet. “Accurate?” It was not accurate – not correct –
I checked it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Did
John Desmond Bernal’s </span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The
World, The Flesh and the Devil<i> have a
strong impact on you? </i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Yes. I read it quite a while
later. Not as a child. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Is
it your view that human settlement of the solar system and beyond is
inevitable? Is this a matter of “destiny” or an “evolutionary step?”</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I do see it as evolutionary.
We are as a species, explorers. People have always moved around more than
needed, driven by curiosity. It’s part of our nature. When tools are available,
we go off on long trips. That will happen. It’s always a choice. Maybe only a
small minority will go. But it will be an evolutionary step. To live on Mars
permanently, you’d better have fur rather than naked skin. People will have to
adapt to the environment. They will need a different body. Genetic engineering
will be part of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Do
you believe that “Goldilocks” exoplanets will be found that humans can one day
reach and possibly settle?</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Oh yes. But I think that’s
over-emphasized actually. You could probably settle very well on small objects
that are not at the moment suitable. Most of the real estate in the universe is
small, cold. The media always talks about planets, but it is likely that smaller
objects which you can easily land on and take off from are much more
convenient. They are not Goldilocks at all. Very cold and dismal at the moment.
You have to change the environment by building comfortable habitats for people
and life in general. Change them considerably to make them suitable for life.
It can be done—if <span> </span>there is starlight,
minerals, water, you can engineer it so life can settle. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Was your idea of the Dyson sphere—surrounding
a star—a description or prescription? If a tool for detecting advanced
civilizations, was it a mistake to treat it as a way to measure our own
progress? <span> </span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The whole thing was a
misunderstanding because I used the word ‘biosphere’ to mean a habitat. I should
have said habitat. People took that to mean a big round ball, a sphere, this
was a misconception. Aliens could be in all kinds of habitats. More likely it would
be a group of small objects. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Should
we be working to create what Kardashev called a Type II civilization? One in
which all of a star’s energy is harnessed? </span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You always have a choice. I
prefer the diversity of lots of little expeditions. I take the Polynesians of
the South Pacific as my model. These were fairly small groups of people with
chickens, pigs, babies, sailing across the ocean. I think its nicer small than
a huge construction.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Is
there any sense to the notion some space enthusiasts offer that we must “redeem”
matter by transforming it to life/mind as our civilization expands?</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Does
this relate to religious thought?</i> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I would describe
transforming nature differently. There’s a difference between England where I
grew up and the United States in people’s thoughts about nature. Here
wilderness is looked at as more desirable. In England, the opposite is
generally true. Mind has a lot to do with it. To a great extent, my thinking
comes from having grown up in England, which happened quite recently. Not long
ago there was nothing on the islands but a forest. After the Ice Age, ten
thousand years ago, it became habitable and humans moved in on the islands.
Humans made a big change from a uniform forest to now. Now there are mixed
ecologies, farms, grasslands, cities, beaches, all kinds of ecologies in a
small area—a more diverse set of living creatures. To my mind it is much more
beautiful, despite the high density of humans, more beautiful than if left to
nature. It is the same way with life moving out to the asteroid belt. Life
would make them much more beautiful. It’s not so much a religious impulse as a
feeling that we are a species that creates diversity. By all means, why don’t
we go on doing that? </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I
think you agree with Louis Friedman [co-founder of the Planetary Society] on
interstellar propulsion: “you can’t take it with you.” How would your photonic
intergalactic railway system work? What would need to happen first?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I call this the public
highway. I’m sure it will be feasible someday. The reason public highways are
effective is because they are cheap. The cost is shared between huge numbers of
travelers. Same in space. If everyone builds their own ship this is very
costly. Only big organizations can go. It is not available to everybody. For
the public highway a laser beam or microwave beam could provide propulsion.
These would be fixed beams for propelling simple vehicles or information. The
energy would be from starlight or solar sources. This could work within the
solar system or beyond. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Have
any biologists evaluated or collaborated with you on your idea to create “Dyson
trees” or an “astrochicken” [a self-sustaining interstellar probe], or “‘biome eggs”
that contain entire biomes? Are there any biologists or astrobiologists who see
these approaches as feasible? Or would you call these thought experiments?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The main point is that
technology is unpredictable. You never know until you try. Whether it works or
not depends on all sorts of accidents. When I was twenty years old there were
four revolutions in science: space rockets; nuclear energy; the computer
revolution; and DNA.<span> </span>I guessed at the
time that the most interesting of these was nuclear energy. Of course I was
wrong. It never brought about a technological revolution, or was only moderately
successful. It turns out nuclear power is only good for making bombs. It was a
bad guess. Of the four, computers really changed the world, though I never put
it at number one. Today they are so small, so powerful, that they lend
themselves to all kinds of new inventions which nuclear couldn’t do. As for
space, the record is half and half: the unmanned program has been wonderfully successful;
the manned program a dead end. You can’t tell until you try. I was thinking
that manned expeditions were the way to go, when really miniaturized
instruments made a difference. The applications of biotechnology remain ahead—much
will happen. We don’t know which will be winners or allow these approaches to
making space livable. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I
believe you are a skeptic on the mind-upload or AI consciousness notion
fundamental to posthumanism. A lot of people who fear humans are unsuited to
interstellar travel argue that AI/posthuman is the way. Disagree?</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I was asking what is a human
brain? Is it a digital or analog machine? I think the brain is mostly an analog
machine. AI hasn’t worked because it is purely digital. There is not a good
match between brain and machine. That all this remains to be seen is also true.
There is recent progress in AI that is quite real. But I don’t think it is
comparable to human thought. It is probable that they remain different. Once we
understand the brain we can build machines that are better. I will say it is an
open question. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Do
you favor the “strong anthropic” principle (the idea that our universe is one
that happens to have a built-in bias to nurture life and consciousness), as did
Stephen Hawking, and see it as proof of the multiverse?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">No. I have enormous respect
for Hawking—he was a friend of mine--but he also talks a lot of rubbish. I
think the multiverse idea doesn’t make much sense. There is only one universe
we can deal with. The rest is fantasy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">SETI
backers long to make contact with extraterrestrial intelligences, whereas many space
settlement backers usually assume the galaxy is a blank slate—i.e. humans are
alone. Where do you fit in these camps?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This is one of the big
mysteries of course. It makes exploring worthwhile. We’re still exploring the
universe and doing remarkably well. We see more now than we did ten years ago.
We’re learning much more. The question of whether there is anything alive off
the Earth. Well, we have no idea what the answer will be. Either way,
extraterrestrials or not, we are confronting big problems and big
opportunities. It is a wonderful field to get into. I think both approaches are
important. Both exploring and thinking about settlement. I’m in favor of both. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">What
would you say the legacy of Orion (the nuclear-bomb powered spaceship you
helped design in the early 1960s) was?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Overall it is not important.
It made sense fifty years ago. We had no idea how you could communicate in
space. We thought of going out on Orion like Darwin on the <i>Beagle</i> to Mars. We’d step out with pads of paper and take notes.
Five years later we would tell the world what we found. Now we have wide band
width communication. Instruments on Mars supplying information. The whole big
expedition approach became irrelevant. Orion was fun but history passed us by. I
don’t see it becoming useful. It has shrunk in importance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">What would you like to be your scientific/intellectual
legacy? </span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I don’t know. Science is
mostly teamwork. I was part of a team that developed an area of particle
physics. Not sure that I did anything particularly outstanding. I may be
remembered as a writer rather than a scientist. That remains to be seen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Would
you have liked to have lived on an O’Neill cylinder [the giant space colonies <span> </span>Gerard O’Neill planned in the 1970s in
cislunar orbit]?</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Not really. I didn’t like
O’Neill’s style of colonies. Too bureaucratic. Big organizations are not my
style. I prefer the Polynesian approach to colonizing. A small group taking its
own risks. They would be independent. That was not the O’Neill style. He was a
good friend. I liked his ideas but wouldn’t want to live on one of his
colonies. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">How
about a short visit?</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">That’s something else. Sure.
That could be fun. </span></div>
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<![endif]-->FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-14910516650373538082020-03-30T10:32:00.002-07:002020-07-30T09:10:54.315-07:00Author Interview: Are We Ready for Outer Space? Is Outer Space Ready for Us? <br />
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My newest work, <i>Star Settlers: The Billionaires, Geniuses, and Crazed Visionaries Out to Conquer the Universe </i>(Pegasus)<i> </i>will be available <a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com.au/books/Star-Settlers/Fred-Nadis/9781643134482">online </a>and at bookstores in August 2020.<br />
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Trident Media literary agent Mark Gottlieb's interview with me begins: <br />
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<b>What is it about the Golden Age of Science Fiction (1940s/50s) and the New Wave movement in science fiction (60s/70s) that has fascinated many of the scientists and billionaire space explorers today? Did the "pulp era" (20s/30s) have any sort of role to play, or was that much too early on?</b></div>
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I’d credit the pulp era for spawning interest in spacefaring (and time travel and robots and multiple dimensions—very big in the 1930s). Pulp magazines like <i>Amazing Stories</i> didn’t just nurture the idea of interplanetary travel—writers for Hugo Gernsback’s <i>Science Wonder Stories </i>started the American Rocket Society in 1930 and it quickly became more than just a fan group. Its members devised their first test liquid fuel rocket at a cost of $49. Several went on to found Reaction Motors which built the engines for the Bell X-1 rocket plane in which Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in 1947. Readers of 1920s and 1930s science-fiction magazines could regard them as escapist fantasy or as potential, if far-fetched, blueprints. It is interesting that Robert Goddard, who already had many rocket patents by the 1920s, kept his distance and didn’t agree to be on Gernsback’s advisory board. But it was when he was a teenager and read H.G. Wells’s <i>War of the Worlds</i> that Goddard first developed his rocketry dreams. </div>
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<a href="https://literaryagentmarkgottlieb.com/blog/locus-award-finalist-and-hugo-award-nominee-fred-nadis" target="_blank">link to full interview</a> </div>
FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-38235647124109880372015-12-22T12:28:00.000-08:002015-12-22T12:35:09.170-08:00<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Attention Space Cadets!</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">I will be discussing <i>Man from Mars: Ray Palmer's Amazing Pulp Journey,</i> on <i>Wired Magazine's</i> podcast, T<i>he Geek's Guide to the Galaxy,</i> this Saturday, December 26. We will pontificate on early SF history, the madness of SF editors, conspiracy theory as entertainment, and diverse other topics. <i>Wired</i>'s interviewer, SF author David Barr Kirtley, has previously interviewed many luminaries for the podcast, including Philip Pullman, Ursula K. Le Guin, Margaret Atwood, David Cronenberg, Monty Python's John Cleese, and Neil De Grasse Tyson of <i>Cosmos </i>fame. </span><br />
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Tune in if you can beginning this Saturday at<span style="font-size: large;"> <a href="http://geeksguideshow.com/2015/12/18/ggg182-fred-nadis/" target="_blank">Geek's Guide to the Galaxy</a>. </span> FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-30589263147946907822015-07-25T16:11:00.002-07:002015-07-25T16:13:34.964-07:00For the Love of Flammarion<!--[if !mso]>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SW2HRrkStjc/VbQDy8APPYI/AAAAAAAAANM/e4v16NbjV1k/s1600/flam%2Bat%2Btele.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SW2HRrkStjc/VbQDy8APPYI/AAAAAAAAANM/e4v16NbjV1k/s400/flam%2Bat%2Btele.png" width="298" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Flammarion in his observatory in Juvisy.</span></td></tr>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;">T</span>he scientist, astronomer,
spiritualist, and psychic researcher Camille Flammarion, a contemporary of
Jules Verne, came of age in mid-nineteenth century France at a time when young
men quickened to the new life that technology and science offered, and
steam-age France was a center of technical expertise and romantic thought.
Flammarion would eventually become a key figure in encouraging Mars mania, but
throughout his life he spread enthusiasm for astronomy, education, and
imagination. </span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Born in rural France in 1842, at age five he
</span><span style="font-size: large;">became enamored of astronomy after </span><span style="font-size: large;">witnessing an eclipse of the sun—his fascination
intensified at eleven when he carefully tracked the movement of a comet. A
local priest helped his early education, but after the family lost their land,
Flammarion became an apprentice to an engraver in Paris—continuing his studies
in night school. A physician treating him for exhaustion discovered the
teenager’s lengthy manuscript, <i>Cosmogonie Universelle</i>, was impressed,
and with his recommendation, Flammarion, at age sixteen became a “pupil
astronomer” at the Paris observatory. His career as an astronomer,
meteorologist, popular author, and cosmic visionary ensued. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">At age twenty Flammarion jumped into a
centuries-old debate and published <i>The Plurality of Inhabited Worlds</i>
(1862) that made a case for life on different planets and even speculated what
forms such life might take. His position was based on the argument from
design—that is, God created planets for a purpose, and the obvious purpose was
to harbor life</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">—</span>ever since Copernicus established the earth was not the center
of the universe, this argument had appealed to leading philosophers. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Flammarion’s notions of extraterrestrial
life, however, which included species of sentient plants, were more
sophisticated than the usual assumption that all inhabitants of space would be
virtually identical to human beings. In this and later books he endowed his extraterrestrials with the
ability to sense in infrared or ultraviolet, and gave them spectroscopic
abilities (to analyze chemicals), and an “electric” sense. Flammarion’s further
catalog of intelligent species—which could be from a 1940s science fiction
novel—included the plant-like, star-fish footed men of Theta Orionis, and the
floating beings of Delta Andromedae who have no need to eat, but must
frantically breathe nutrients from their planet’s dense atmosphere; all were
adapted uniquely to unique worlds. Flammerion’s book was wildly popular; it
went through thirty-three editions by 1880 and remained in print until 1921. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">By age twenty-three, while continuing to
work in observatories, Flammarion, an avid balloonist, had become president of
the French Aerostatic Society. He made numerous ascensions while conducting
meteorological experiments. These ballooning outings included his honeymoon, a
flight in 1874 with his new wife Sylvie Petiaux-Hugo Flammarion (a grand-niece
of Victor Hugo), and culminated in a work about the earth’s atmosphere.</span></div>
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<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Mu9JDzh9rg8/VbQE4a7_XfI/AAAAAAAAANU/La1IuhccwtY/s1600/2007-01-21-an-airborne-doppelganger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Mu9JDzh9rg8/VbQE4a7_XfI/AAAAAAAAANU/La1IuhccwtY/s400/2007-01-21-an-airborne-doppelganger.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">From Flammarion's <i>L'Atmosphere</i>. </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Flammarion was also intensely interested in the field of
psychic research and wrote a book about the afterlife, relying on the pen-name
Hermès. He alternated books on popular astronomy with books on psychic research
as well as fiction that fused both realms. In 1877 Flammarion published his <i>Catalog
of Double Stars</i> that became a critical tool for astronomers, and followed
this with a lavishly illustrated book called <i>Popular Astronomy</i>
(1880)—which argued there was likely life not only on Mars but also the Moon.
</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> In 1877, Flammarion founded the French
Society of Astronomy and in 1882 the magazine <i>L’Astronomie</i>. He also
organized France’s first observatory open to the public. Central to the science
of astronomy in the late nineteenth century, he was forgiven his outsized
speculations.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Flammarion’s cosmology—which sought to fuse
the physical and spiritual universes, offered a view in which the planets of
this solar system and other star systems might be “heavens” or new Earths that
humans went to after death where they were reincarnated. He offered this vision
in <i>Lumen</i> (1872), and later in <i>Uranie </i>(1891), in which the muse of
astronomy takes Flammarion on a tour of the universe, and Flammarion recounts
meeting on Mars a friend who had died young in a ballooning accident only to be
reborn on the Red Planet. He also proposed that by traveling at a speed
faster than that of light, one could move backwards in time, catching up with
old light rays and so witness earlier events.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">In Flammarion's <i>Omega: The Last Days of the World </i>(1894),
scientists gather in 25<sup>th</sup> century Paris (this, even though the world's
capital has become Chicago), amid airships and communiques from (friendly)
Martians, to discuss the likely end of the world as a comet approaches the
earth. While it misses, wreaking only mild havoc, the narrator continues to
explore scenarios for the future evolution of humanity and eventual death of the planet. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">With his ballooning adventures, séances,
impassioned writing, public lectures, ample energy, large furrowed brow,
and handsome looks, Flammarion gained wealthy admirers. A young and
consumptive French countess, obsessed with Flammarion, had a picture
of him tattooed on her skin, and ordered her physician to send Flammarion this
portion of her skin after her death so that with it he could bind a volume of
one of his books. He duly (hesitantly, gladly?) agreed and used it to bind a
copy of <i>Terres du Ciel</i> in 1882. In 1882, another admirer gave Flammarion
a mansion that he converted into an observatory in Juvisy-sur-Orge to the
southeast of Paris. It was inaugurated in 1887 with the Emperor of Brazil in
attendance. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> It wasn’t until after the opening of
his own observatory that Flammarion fixed his interest on Mars. Flammarion’s <i>La
Planete Mars</i> (1892) marshaled all the available knowledge about Mars,
including the planet’s two moons, the waxing and waning of the planet’s polar
ice caps, the seasonal color changes that suggested vegetation covered some of
the planet’s surface (an idea that originated with Flammarion and maintained
credence well into the twentieth century), its length of day (24 hours, 37
minutes) that closely paralleled that of the Earth, and the probably existence
of Martian canals. Flammarion affirmed that Mars included “streams” and “seas,”
but suggested that its age, greater than that of the Earth, explained its
relative lack of water and great deserts. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> While Flammarion could only confirm
one of the numerous canals that the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli,
infamously, had mapped in 1877, Flammarion believed this indicated some
engineering on the part of a sentient species on the planet. As he wrote,
"the actual habitation of Mars by a race superior to our own is in our
opinion very probable.” The wealthy Boston dilettante Percival Lowell,
fascinated with Flammarion’s book, left his study of trances in Japan to open his own observatory in Arizona to
establish the reality of life on Mars. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Lowell relished a good argument. With data he supplied, the debate over the canals of Mars raged on and the "dying planet"
became a staple of science fiction, spurring H.G. Wells's Martian
octopii to invade the Earth and start the <i>War
of the Worlds</i> (1898), while in Edgar Rice Burroughs’s <i>Under
the Moon of Mars</i> (1911)</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">—</span>renamed <i>A Princess of Mars,</i> U.S. Civil War veteran John
Carter bounds around Mars's quasi-orientalist cities, located along the canals, using super powers to gain
prominence among its inhabitants and woo their princess.<span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-2582758138562226492014-06-19T09:35:00.000-07:002014-06-19T09:35:31.960-07:00Today's Exhibit at Vanity Fair Online: "What Happens When Society Decides That Nerds Are Dangerous?"<span style="font-size: large;">In Sam Peckinpah’s 1971 movie <i>Straw Dogs,</i> Dustin Hoffman plays an
ineffectual intellectual, a mathematician, indeed, a nerd, who moves
with his alluring wife to her hometown, in England. Local rowdies
continually harass them, until Hoffman’s character executes a violent
revenge.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The words “nerd” and “violent” do not usually go hand in hand, but the
harmlessness of nerds is hardly a settled formula. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">[To read full article please visit: <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2014/06/return-of-nerd-culture" target="_blank">Vanity Fair online.]</a></span><br />
<br />FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-72718104914286704702014-05-09T14:04:00.000-07:002014-05-09T14:04:51.086-07:00"Man from Mars" is 2014 Locus Award Finalist <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I'm pleased to announce that my book, <i>T<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Man-Mars-Palmers-Amazing-Journey/dp/039916054X/ref=la_B001KHUZ4I_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1399668072&sr=1-1" target="_blank">he Man from Mars: Ray Palmer's Amazing Pulp Journey</a></i> (Tarcher/Penguin, 2013) has been named a Finalist for the </span><span style="font-size: large;">2014 </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.locusmag.com/News/2014/05/2014-locus-awards-finalists/" target="_blank">Locus Award </a>in nonfiction. You can find some great books on the </span><span style="font-size: large;">list of </span><span style="font-size: large;">finalists. My book on Ray Palmer, an overlooked editor from early SF who was at the helm of <i>Amazing Stories </i>from 1938 until 1949, gets to take a place close to books about Margaret Brundage (the <i>Weird Tales</i> cover artist who enjoyed envisioning damsels in peril) and another stellar SF&F artist Hannes Bok, one of Ray Palmer's pals. Thanks to all who participated in the voting! </span><br />
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<a href="http://www.locusmag.com/Magazine/Digital/Awards/locusawards2014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.locusmag.com/Magazine/Digital/Awards/locusawards2014.jpg" height="139" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-4076231162845898752013-08-26T11:33:00.001-07:002013-08-26T11:33:36.022-07:00Brain Eating Zombies<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">I recently read John Scalzi’s <i>Ghost
Brigades </i>(2006)<i> </i>and Gene Wolfe’s <i>Home Fires</i> (2010)<i>—</i>
two works from science fiction wizards that feature a trendy science fiction
premise: the uploaded mind. The futurist website “Lifeboat Foundation”
explains, <i>“Mind uploading, sometimes referred to as nonbiological
intelligence, centers around the controversial proposition that cognitive
processing can be implemented on substrates other than our current neurons.”</i>
The reward is immortality—as a digitized mind leapfrogs from form to
accessorized form through the centuries. The concept traces back, in part, to
roboticist Hans Moravec’s <i>Mind Children</i> (1988) and colleague Ray
Kurzweil’s books <i>The Age of Intelligent Machines </i>(1990)<i> </i>and<i>
The Age of Spiritual Machines </i>(1999). These books predict artificial
intelligence far surpassing that of the human mind. The uploaded mind, just one
element in the coming revolution, makes human participation possible in what
these technologists foresee as a posthuman or at best cyborgian (i.e.
“transhuman”) future. </span></span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tbcjj5Q4sKg/UhubBdGo9UI/AAAAAAAAAIs/aa9bw6-RBpQ/s1600/phreno+brains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tbcjj5Q4sKg/UhubBdGo9UI/AAAAAAAAAIs/aa9bw6-RBpQ/s320/phreno+brains.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">My Mind Upload - (Before and After). Definite phrenological improvement!</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Science fiction provides a stable
home for the uploaded mind premise. The concept of an immortalized mind has
long been a part of the genre—with brains in boxes or consulting heads in jars
popular—as in the Captain Future series of the 1940s and Orson Scott Card’s <i>Wyrms
</i>(1987), while Victor Frankenstein and his assistant were plugging in brains
and channeling animal magnetism in the early nineteenth century. Our more
recent technologists, along with science fiction writers, have added
digitization to Mary Shelley’s re-animation scenario. </span></span></div>
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In Wolfe’s book, the mind scan of a
dead woman—the protagonist’s mother-in-law—is downloaded into a live woman’s
brain; the protagonist pays for this luxury service to please his fiancée at
her homecoming from a deployment fighting aliens in the stars. In Scalzi’s “Old
Man’s War” trilogy—(the book I read was the second) soldiers are vat-grown and
upgraded in various ways to form a deadly special forces shunned by the
“realborn” as monstrous. The hero, a vat-grown soldier with the downloaded
brain of a rogue scientist, struggles with a massive identity crisis. </span></span></div>
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Many futurists believe the upload
idea will soon escape from science fiction. Participants at the Global Futures
2045 International Congress this summer in New York gleefully discussed the day
when silicon encoded mindware will replace the wetware of the central nervous
system. Their optimism is based on impressive achievements in artificial
intelligence and robotics. Even better, Big Science appears to be accommodating
this radical vision. In February 2013, President Obama proposed a new initiative,
akin to the cracking of the human genome—to map the entire neural network of an
active human brain—that is, construct a “connectome.”</span></span><br />
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Participants at the Global Futures
Congress were also cheered to learn that researchers with the European Human
Brain Project had just completed an atlas of a 65-year-old woman’s brain.
Dubbed rather prosaically, BigBrain, the atlas offers a three-dimensional
neural map fifty times more precise than its predecessors, based on thousands
of microscopically thin slices of this woman’s (obviously no longer active)
brain. The fine-grain “connectome” that uploaders seek, however, requires
immense computing power not yet available.</span></span></div>
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Most biologists and neuroscientists
are not kind to the uploader dream. MIT neurobiologist Sebastian Seung,
involved in connectome research, argues that the process of deconstructing the
human brain does not automatically guarantee knowledge of how to construct an
artificial brain. Other critics note that futurists might not only be confusing
the map with the territory, but refusing to accept that aspects of the
territory may always remain elusive. Roger Penrose rejected the possibility of
machines ever harboring consciousness, simply because there must be some
non-computable characteristics of mind that designers cannot encode as
algorithms. </span></span></div>
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">True believers know better—and await the
Singularity. Relying on Moore’s law of steadily increasing computing power,
transhumanists project 2045 as the year when superintelligence emerges from its
silicon matrix to transform all of Being. Bloggers describe the Singularity
much as fundamentalist Christians might the Rapture, Norse pagans Ragnarok, or
Cubs fans the World Series. The
approaching Singularity has its crass side. An internet search on the name Ray
Kurzweil leads to an advertisement, “The Singularity is Near, stay healthy the
Kurzweil way.” We are then treated to a host of products that Ray Kurweil and
physician Terry Grossman assure will keep up in shape for the Singularity. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Fast forward to 2045. You have been
staying healthy. You know your vitamins and supplements. The Singularity has
arrived. You’re ready for the upload, and a zombie-like machine is prepared to
eat your brain. Will you become immortal? That depends. Will the marooned
neural pattern feel like a self, and if a self, like “you”? Will living as information result in a
crushing existential crisis? Might thousands of copies of “you” invent infinite
futures—each of them clearly no greater in significance than a performance of a
flea circus? Or, having finally cheated death, are you feeling healthy enough
to conquer a solar system?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
When perplexed about mad science, I turn to science
fiction. Reading the recent books by
Wolfe and Scalzi finally clarified for me why the “zombie” idea has been so
popular this past decade: artificial intelligence’s leading lights are guiding
us directly to zombieland. Victor Frankenstein—who really didn’t pay enough
attention to his fiancée—had an agenda. Moravec, Hayworth, and Kurzweil have their own. Yes, immortality
might have its positive side—like living forever—but it is as easy to imagine
the many new hells that might ensue. Consider this: you are rude to a
technician at the upload company. They inject your mind into a virtual
environment with companions that include Dick Clark constantly celebrating the
New Year; one former celebrity from <i>Hollywood Squares</i> (Zsa Zsa Gabor?);
the reality TV star of the month, and one or two serial killers. Add eternity
and no exit. The digital afterlife may not be an “upgrade.” But what can zombies expect?</span></span><i></i>
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Wonder-Shows-Performing-Science-Religion/dp/0813535158/ref=la_B001KHUZ4I_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1361053532&sr=1-1"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></a></span></i>FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-35490590864529594762013-07-25T14:14:00.002-07:002013-07-25T14:14:34.270-07:00My Huffington Post: Too Freakish a Place - Ray Palmer and the Invention of "Psi-Fi" <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">R</span>ay Palmer was an American original. Born in
Milwaukee in 1910, he was struck by a milk truck at age seven, shattering his
back and forcing him to be bedridden for much of his childhood and crippled for
life (he remained a hunchback). After seeing the first issue of Hugo
Gernsback's landmark science fiction pulp magazine <em>Amazing Stories</em>, in
1926, he became hooked on science fiction. An early enthusiast (it was then
called "scientifiction" or stf), Palmer co-edited the world's first
fanzine, <em>The Comet</em>, with its first issue in 1930. When fans honored
Hugo Gernsback as the "Father of Science Fiction" at the Worldcon--or
more formally The World Science Fiction Convention--in 1952, Ray Palmer also
was honored as the "Son of Science Fiction."</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> to read the full blog please go to the <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-nadis/too-freakish-a-place-ray-_b_3435090.html" target="_blank">Huffington Post.</a></span> </span>FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-47848152949678832742013-05-19T11:59:00.001-07:002013-05-19T11:59:21.632-07:00Days of Reckoning Press<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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I once was the editor of a “zine” that made it through at
least four issues with the spiffy title <i>The Days of Reckoning Press</i>. At the time I
was living with a young woman, lets call her Z--,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>who was my co-editor. We were on the fringes of the punk scene.
That is to say, she was in the punk scene and I wasn’t. It was a few years too
early to call us “slackers,” plus Z-- worked a real job in the research
division of the NYPL, while I was a low-paid “journalist” for suburban
newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We collected weird
pamphlets and books. Z-- kindly introduced me to the writings of Charles Fort (whose wit and creativity make him transcend the crackpot category). Other treasures collected include a pamphlet about the benefits of “rebound” exercise
(on small trampolines), aka "reboundology," and one I since have lost about Baltasare Forestiere, the Mole
Man of Fresno, who carved out an enormous underground house in the desert of
California for a bride in Italy who refused to join him. My rather miniscule collection still includes a homey history circa 1940 of the Purefoy Hotel in
Alabama. Z-- subscribed to a very bizarre newspaper out of Hollywood in which
all manner of strange theories were promulgated, and in which one B-movie actor, Aldo
Ray, a friend of the publisher’s, was treated as one of the all-time greats.
(David Goodis’s <i>Nightfall</i> is still one of my favorite noir novels but I
have never seen the movie starring the great Aldo Ray.) </div>
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The idea with<i> Days of Reckoning</i> was to mimic a
crackpot publication--like that one out of Hollywood. For inspiration, we read all of Martin Gardner’s books on pseudoscience. We also had both gone to college in Santa Cruz,
California, so our memories of the bulletin boards there, full of testimonials
for groups like the “Breatharians” (who claimed they did not need to eat but
only breathe mindfully to survive) provided added inspiration--in Santa Cruz in the late 1970s, trying to escape from the jargon-laced ensnarements of Est-graduates was also part of daily survival. A few friends
contributed columns. I drew a picture of a lizard for the front cover that also
served as the handbill that we posted on street corners. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We pasted up each edition the
old-fashioned way and then ran it off on what were then termed“Xerox”
machines—since we didn’t have access to the even less efficient technology of a
mimeograph machine.<br />
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In the zine, I included brief biographies of
characters such as Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. I didn’t
know
what I was doing but tried to make these pieces read like slightly zany
Jorge Luis Borges essays. Instead they read like something that belonged
in a zine. I suppose it was a
bit sophomoric. We had a few avid fans, including my older brother, who
tends
to like all my dubious stunts. (My writing career probably began in high
school
when I wrote him long letters when he was off being a ski bum that he
read
aloud to his roommates in Colorado to apparent great effect.) The
advertisements for <i>Days of Reckoning</i> outlived the publication--one of the phantom handbills with a ripped up lizard survived near a loading dock off of Bleecker Street for
nearly a decade after we closed the press.<div class="MsoNormal">
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After this period of youthful/punk/bohemian/absurdity I
broke with Z--, floundered around, got married, got a Ph.D. and learned better
how to research and write about historical characters such as Hahnemann. My
dissertation was filled with biographical sketches of electro-therapy showmen, stage hypnotists, anti-Spiritualists, and New Age salespeople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The <i>Days of Reckoning </i>impulse had undergone a sea change--it's </span>hard to be a father, raise two children, and live absurd. I
still love writing about people who uphold bold ideas contrary to the status
quo--call it the Quixote impulse. [See <i>Man from Mars: Ray Palmer’s Amazing Pulp Journey</i>]<i>. </i></div>
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<i>The Days of Reckoning</i> no longer seem to be upon me. With that, I can live. </div>
FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-81859970535424901172013-03-23T12:48:00.002-07:002013-03-23T14:55:22.249-07:00The Space Age Candidate<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The
Space Age </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">not
only</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">forced people to
reckon with the otherworldly flavors of Pillsbury's Space Food Sticks and the
orange powder drink, Tang, but also the <span style="font-family: "Old typewriter";"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">arbitrary nature of</span> </span>national borders. The Berlin Wall remained, but dogs, monkeys, and people were circling the globe.<span style="font-family: "Old typewriter";"> </span> Not just anarchists but corporations were working towards a utopian flow of ideas and goods across those pesky lines. A new space age perspective emerged. In the 1960s Buckminster Fuller started talking about "Spaceship Earth," and soon after environmentalists offered slogans and battle cries such as "Earth First!"</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nv4sx7aU6iQ/UAmQxAsbAdI/AAAAAAAAADQ/M5p11yPOSjg/s1600/gabriel+green.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nv4sx7aU6iQ/UAmQxAsbAdI/AAAAAAAAADQ/M5p11yPOSjg/s400/gabriel+green.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Old typewriter";"> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">As early as the 1940s, SF fans had begun to talk of having
the </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">“long view,” as the space age they
predicted and helped nurture took shape. Then came sightings
of flying saucers, hovering over cities and onto movie screens. Children, particularly boys, added astronaut to their list of future jobs. Space, however, was expensive. Many of those in the era's occult underground morphed into 'Flying Saucer People.' You no longer had to meet the Ascended Master St. Germain somewhere beneath Mt. Shasta--instead initiations now took place in outer space amid glowing lights and soothing music. Without the benefit of a national space program, many
"contactees" came forward (especially on late night talk radio) to insist that on their own they had come into contact with alien beings, aka “Space Brothers.” And so, in 1960, we gained our
first, and, so far, only, Space Age Candidate for president, Gabriel Green. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Relying on his base as president
of the Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America, in 1960, Gabriel Green
sought the U.S. presidency. This contactee candidate offered a utopian future.
Free energy devices would run “automatonic” factories whose secrets he had gained from Space Brothers. He also proposed world peace,
an end to nuclear weaponry, an end to pollution, better dental care, schooling,
lower taxes, and an end to traffic jams. His sixteen page pamphlet was free.
Regrettably, I have never found a copy. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> ---------------------</span></b><br />
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<br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">[note: contactee subculture aka "Flying Saucer People" are covered in both of my books in slightly different ways. <i>See</i>: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Wonder-Shows-Performing-Science-Religion/dp/0813535158/ref=la_B001KHUZ4I_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1355869101&sr=1-2" target="_blank">Wonder Shows</a>; <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Man-Mars-Palmers-Amazing-Journey/dp/039916054X/ref=la_B001KHUZ4I_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1364075569&sr=1-1" target="_blank">Man from Mars</a>; what can I say, I admire those involved in contact sports.]</span></b><br />
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FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-90913391704826377822013-02-13T14:54:00.000-08:002013-02-14T14:15:22.526-08:00 Landways to the Stars<br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I admire </span>a natural philosopher who invents
an idea of the universe so original and patently false that it becomes oddly persuasive. One is confronted with the issue: <i>either this theory is insane
or I am insane</i>, and the theory makes you rather hope that you are the deranged one. Cyrus Teed, with his notion that we all lived inside a hollow Earth was one such philosopher. Yet he met his match in the post-Sputnik era. One of the loopiest, yet most
compelling theories of the universe, or at least of earthly and celestial topography, can be
found in F. Amadeo Giannini's, <i>Worlds Beyond the Poles</i> a 1959
amplification of his earlier work, <i>Physical Continuum</i>. </span></div>
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Giannini had a very curious insight. In
fact, revolutionary. As the first paragraph of his book explains, "There
is no physical end to the Earth's northern and southern extent. The earth
merges with land areas of the universe about us that exist straight ahead beyond
the North Pole and the South Pole 'points' of theory. It is now established
that we may at once journey into celestial land by customary movement on the
horizontal from beyond the Pole points." </div>
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To put it simpler, Giannini explains, "When one goes
beyond the Poles one is moving, as the colloquial aptly describes, 'out of this
world.' One then continues to move over land extending beyond the Earth."
Land routes, full of water and vegetation, stretching throughout the universe,
connect the Earth to other planets and stars.
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Comparing himself to various greats
scorned in the past for their bold ideas, Giannini reported that the
astronomical theories of all past ages, sadly, were false. Were moons, stars,
planets isolated bodies, traveling in lonely orbits? No, this was all a mirage,
since there were no "Globular and isolated bodies to be found throughout
the whole Universe: they are elements of lens deception." The universe was entirely connected. </div>
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The centerpiece of Giannini's evidence for
these "land routes" were extracts from the diaries of the pilot
and polar explorer Admiral Richard E. Byrd who first flew over the North Pole
in 1926, and in 1929 flew over the South Pole. Giannini insisted that in addition
to these flights, in February 1947, Byrd had flown an important mission over
the North Pole. Giannini reported that in one entry in Byrd's diary, the famous
explorer had noted, "I'd like to see that land beyond the Pole. That area
beyond the Pole is the center of the great unknown." Giannini reported that on Byrd's forgotten
mission, "as progress was made beyond the pole point, iceless land
and lakes, mountains covered with trees, and even a monstrous animal moving
through the underbrush, were observed and reported via radio." </div>
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Unfortunately, Byrd appears to have been
at the South Pole during this period. Giannini
concocted his diary extracts. It was, of course, for a good cause. Giannini wanted us all to know how easy it
was to go out of this world. </div>
FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8418571071163255544.post-56530420474741463362013-02-03T09:47:00.000-08:002013-02-03T09:47:47.158-08:00We Live Inside!<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">“The new molecular philosophy shows astronomical
interspaces betwixt atom and</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">atom…the world is all outside: it has no inside.”</span> </div>
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--Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Experience.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">"Your inside is out and your outside is in."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> --John Lennon "Everybody's Got Something to Hide" </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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It takes a bold philosopher to disagree with Ralph Waldo Emerson. A young contemporary of Emerson, Cyrus
Teed was that man. Emerson’s profound declaration that the world “has no inside”? Nonsense. We were there already. Teed was a rural physician with
training from the Eclectic Medical College in New York, a tradition which
rejected heroic chemical cures and blood-letting and favored herbal and electrical
remedies. </div>
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Teed also was a latter-day
alchemist, thirsting after the very secrets of the universe; and, in the true alchemical tradition of
mixing science with mysticism, during his experiments in 1869 he had a
spiritual epiphany. He left this world and had a vision of a beautiful woman
standing on a crescent and holding Mercury’s winged staff of intertwined
serpents. What she announced prompted him to write <i>The Illumination of Koresh</i>,
and he had no choice but to found a new religion, based on his major insight, “We Are all Inside.” </div>
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Various people had been promoting
the notion of a hollow earth, including Sir Edmund Halley, in the seventeenth
century, and John Cleve Symmes, whose circular of 1818, noted: “I declare the
earth is hollow and habitable within…I ask one hundred brave companions, well
equipped, to start from Siberia, in the fall season, with reindeer and sleighs”
to seek out a polar entrance. It was a call to adventure, with promised riches. </div>
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Teed sidestepped such heroic efforts: no need for reindeer excursions, as we already
lived inside the hollow earth. Koreshanity, as explained in his
text <i>Cellular Cosmogony, or, the Earth a Concave Sphere</i>,
gained followers, as did his Koreshan Commune in Florida. Brochures urged, ‘We Live Inside! Drop in and See Us.’</div>
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Usually Teed is dismissed as
proclaiming the delightfully insane idea that we live inside the hollow Earth. But he
actually implied that not just the Earth as we thought of it, but the entire
Universe was a sphere and we lived on its inner plane. Still bizarre, yet intriguing. To Emerson’s tragic insight “the world is all outside,” Teed countered with, “We Live Inside!” A return to the womb or
announcement that everything is connected?*<br />
<br />
*For more on hollow earth lore, read David Standish, <i>Hollow Earth, the Long and Curious History...</i>Da Capo, 2006<i>. </i>Or try <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Man-Mars-Palmers-Amazing/dp/039916054X">Fred Nadis, <i>Man from Mars: Ray Palmer's Amazing Pulp Journey </i></a>(Tarcher/Penguin, June 2013) for the connection between hollow earth theory, occultism, and pulp science fiction of the 1940s. <i><br /></i></div>
FNadishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16232043333362830154noreply@blogger.com0